A.KRÜSS Optronic Flame photometer application areas
A.KRÜSS Optronic Flame photometer application areas, English PDF document.
View resource →Product overview
The FP8000 series uses flame emission for rapid quantification of alkali and alkaline-earth metals, with four configurations matched to throughput and automation.
Models and core specifications
| Model | Positioning | Sampling/automation | Typical sample volume |
|---|---|---|---|
| FP8400 | Economical high-precision laboratory model | Manual measurement | 2.5 ml |
| FP8500 | Continuous automatic measurement | 24-hour process-monitoring operation | 2.5 ml |
| FP8600 | High-throughput autosampler model | Automatic supply, undiluted measurement | 2.5 ml |
| FP8700 | External automation system | Sampler + diluter + mixer | Microlitre range, dilution-dependent |
Advantages
Element analysis and measuring principle
- Flame atomic emission spectrometry (AES) determines Na, K, Li and Ca in aqueous solutions in one measurement step.
- The nebulised sample enters the flame; characteristic element-emission intensity is used for concentration analysis.
- Propane is recommended for alkali elements, with butane as an alternative; flame-photometry acetylene is recommended for alkaline-earth elements.
Models and sampling automation
- FP8400 provides manual measurement; FP8500 supports continuous automatic measurement and process monitoring.
- FP8600 uses an autosampler for undiluted samples; FP8700 combines sampling, dilution and mixing for diluted microsamples.
- Up to 120 measurements per hour; modular construction supports functional expansion with retrofit kits.
Calibration and result quality
- Linear calibration with two standards, or non-linear polynomial fitting with six to eight standards.
- Optional 5 mmol/l lithium internal reference; caesium reference on request.
- Accuracy is 1% at 40 ppm; precision varies by model. See the element-specific ranges and detection-limit table.
Operation and data connections
- 8.4-inch TFT touchscreen, 800 × 600 pixels.
- Two USB ports, Ethernet and printer RS-232; FP8500 can be upgraded with a passive 4–20 mA interface.
Technical data
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Elements | Na, K, Li, Ca |
| Calibration | Two-point linear; six- to eight-point non-linear polynomial fitting |
| Drift | 1% in 60 min |
| Optional internal reference | Lithium 5 mmol/l; caesium on request |
| Sample volume | FP8400/FP8500/FP8600: 2.5 ml; FP8700: microlitre range depending on dilution and sample tube |
| Combustion gas | Propane, butane or flame-photometry acetylene according to element |
| Display | 8.4-inch TFT touchscreen; 800 × 600 pixels |
| Interfaces | 2 × USB；1 × Ethernet；1 × RS-232 |
| FP8500 optional output | Passive 4–20 mA current interface |
| Maximum throughput | 120 measurements/hour |
Element ranges and detection limits
| Element | FP8400/8500/8600 range | FP8700 range | FP8400/8500/8600 detection limit | FP8700 detection limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na | 0.01–4500 ppm | 0.1–45000 ppm | 0.01 ppm | 0.1 ppm |
| K | 0.01–4500 ppm | 0.1–45000 ppm | 0.01 ppm | 0.1 ppm |
| Li | 0.01–4500 ppm | 0.1–45000 ppm | 0.01 ppm | 0.1 ppm |
| Ca | 0.50–4500 ppm | 5.0–45000 ppm | 0.03 ppm | 0.3 ppm |
| At 40 ppm | FP8400 | FP8500 | FP8600 | FP8700 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na/K/Li/Ca precision | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.6% |
| Na/K/Li/Ca accuracy | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% |
Detection limits differ by element and model; select using the table above.
Application areas
For alkali and alkaline-earth element analysis in food and beverage, clinical and life science, agriculture, chemical, water and process monitoring.
Calibration standards
Lithium-reference concentrate, 140/5 solution and certified standards 1–5 are available separately. Standards 1–5 contain Na, K, Li and Ca at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/l respectively; select and purchase for the calibration requirement.
Related accessories and consumables
Optional items include matrix printer, pressure-reducing station with filters, nebuliser and seals, nebuliser chamber, gas-mixing chamber, glass cylinders, burner insert and model-specific sample cannulas. Consumables include hose sets, cleaners and 10 ml sample tubes; a 2.5 ml diluter syringe is available for FP8700.
Service support
- Experienced specialists provide product selection, application and operation support.
- Calibration, maintenance and maintenance contracts can be discussed as required.
Selection guidance
First define elements, concentration range and fuel-gas conditions, then select manual, continuous-monitoring, autosampler or external-automation configuration by sample throughput.